Кажуть, що в англійській мові нове слово з’являється кожні 90 хвилин. Чи можливо прослідкувати за цим? Напевно, ні. Але те, що нові слова штампуються безперервно є беззаперечним фактом. Пояснюється цей феномен тим, що англійська – це сучасна lingua franca (тобто інтернаціональна мова), і вже протягом багатьох століть вона вважається найбільш широковживаною мовою в світі, чому у свій час посприяла колоніальна політика Британії.
Аби залишатись у мейнстрімі і не відставати від сучасних мовних трендів, пропоную вам добірку наймодніших та найновіших неологізмів, які з’явились за останній рік.
- Earworm (noun): a song or tune that, once you’ve heard it, is stuck in your head. “That new Taylor Swift song is such an earworm!”
- Staycation (noun): spending your holiday in your hometown rather than travelling abroad or doing activities in the local area. “I’m having a staycation this summer, as I’m trying to save money.”
- Crowdfunding (noun): funding a project or business venture by asking a large number of people (typically online) to invest a small amount of money – usually via websites such as Kickstarter and Indiegogo.“We raised enough money to launch our business using crowdfunding.”
- Glamping (noun): glamorous camping! Avoiding any rough conditions with luxurious facilities and accommodation, such as a yurt or cabin. “We’re going to be glamping at Glastonbury this year.”
- Meh (adjective): when something is a little uninspiring or dull. Also a word you could use to describe your lack of interest or indifference. It’s basically a verbal shrug. “The film was a bit meh.”
- Binge-watch (verb): watching multiple episodes of a TV show, one after another, in a single sitting. Usually with a DVD box set or using online streaming. “I’m planning to binge-watch the entire series of Game of Thrones this weekend!”
- Coffee face (noun): face of a person who had not yet had a cup of coffee in the morning. “Honey, you look awful. Is that your coffee face?”
- Book hangover (noun phrase): feeling when the world around seems imperfect and surrealistic because the person just finished reading very interesting book. "I have a really bad book hangover today, I could hardly concentrate at work."
- Yuccie (noun): a young, urban and creative person; someone who wants to be creative and free-spirited but also wealthy. “Yuccies –are hipster versions of yuppies: they want personal success and financial gain while keeping their ‘creative autonomy’”.
- Micro-condo (noun): a very small apartment. “I’ve been living in a mini-condo, because I cannot afford bigger place.”
- Yo-pro (noun): a young professional. “The beloved British retailer tries to be a spot where a mother of three, a teenager, or a young professional (‘yo-pros,’ as they call them) can shop.”
- Mint (adjective): nice and cool. “Either way, the car looks mint.”
Так як ми з вами живемо в час новітніх технологій та постійно перебуваємо в пошуках інформації використовуючи різні девайси, з’являються нові явища, предмети та ситуації, які теж потрібно називати:
- Like-shock (noun): feeling that you get when your post gets more likes (or shares) than expected. “ She used to get a few likes, but now she's got like 50 on her profile pic. Total like shock.”
- Phone-yawn (noun, verb): the phenomenon, when one person gets phone and looks at the screen therefore surrounding people do the same. “As Harriet pulled her cell from her pocket to check for new text messages, her circle of friends phone-yawned, pulling out and checking their phones too.”
- Gloatgram (noun, verb): posting in Instagram (or other social networks) and showing how awesome and colorful your life is. Usually it’s photo of food or from trips. “Did you see the gloatgram that Kevin posted? He was in Tahiti sipping mai tai.”
- Textretary (noun): person who is writing text messages for the one who drives the car. “Louie never drives and texts. He has his own textretary to send messages.”
- To computer-face (verb): point your face into monitor, in order to make impression of being busy. “After I computer-faced Facebook for an hour this morning, I got down to business”.
- Antisocial networking (noun phrase): add new friends in social networks, but not talk to them in real life. “He added us as friends on Facebook but never responds to any of our messages. That’s what they called antisocial networking.”
- Digital diet (noun): a deliberate reduction in the amount of time spent on the Internet. “With our Internet habit being blamed for a spike in our stress levels, some techies are putting themselves on a ‘digital diet’”
- Awesomesauce (noun): the state of being extremely good or enjoyable or something or someone that is extremely good or enjoyable. “Sensei Yu is basically the totally best ever awesomesauce.”
- Skype family (noun): a family in which one parent is living overseas and contact is maintained through Skype. “A new report published by the Office of the Children’s Commissioner for England (OCC) […] has revealed that around 15,000 British children are separated from one parent and living in a ‘Skype family’”.
- Digital amnesia (noun): the inability to remember basic things, such as telephone numbers, dates, etc. as a result of over-reliance on mobile phones, the Internet etc. for storing information. “The problem, dubbed ‘digital amnesia’ is a result of our brains adapting to an age where our phone, and the internet, is always available, scientists say.”
- Pocket dial (verb): to call someone by accident with a phone that is in your pocket. “How many times have you answered your phone only to find out that someone has ‘pocket dialed’ you by accident.”
- Vamping (noun): the activity of remaining awake late into the night, usually while chatting on social networks. “Maybe teenage behavior hasn’t changed, whether it has a new name like vamping or not.”
- Dumbwalking (noun): walking slowly, without paying attention to the world around you because you are consulting a smartphone. “He told me dumbwalking probably wouldn’t be a long-term problem.”
- iFinger (noun) — finger which people leave clean in order that it will be possible to continue to use the smartphone or a tablet, without having soiled it. “These ribs are delicious and messy, but I have to keep my point finger clean cause it’s my iFinger.”
Можливо, ви будете здивовані, але найбільша прогалина в лексикології утворилася саме в емоційній сфері людини. Як виявилось, англомовному носію мови мало тих слів, які вже є в мові для того, щоб описати свій внутрішній стан. Саме тому John Koenig створив проект під назвою «Словник прихованих печалей» (The Dictionary of Obscure Sorrows), в якому представляє новостворені слова для найменування сильних емоцій сучасної людини. Серед них найпопулярнішими стали такі, як:
- Sonder (noun) – the realization that each passerby has a life as vivid and complex as your own.
- Opia (noun) – the ambiguous intensity of looking someone in the eye, which can feel simultaneously invasive and vulnerable.
- Rubatosis (noun) – the unsettling awareness of your own heartbeat.
- Jouska (noun) – a hypothetical conversation that you play out in your head.
- Vemodalen (noun) – the frustration of photographing something amazing when thousands of identical photos exist.
- Anecdoche (noun) – a conversation in which everyone is talking and nobody is listening.
Славнозвісний Oxford Dictionary, який щороку обирає найпопулярніші слова, опублікував короткий список лексичних одиниць, які ввійшли до загального вжитку в 2015 році:
- Ad blocker (noun): A piece of software designed to prevent advertisements from appearing on a web page. “You need to set an ad blocker, I can’t stand all these pop-up adverts.”
- Brexit (noun): A term for the potential or hypothetical departure of the United Kingdom from the European Union, from British + exit. “Supporters of the Brexit base their opinion on a variety of factors from the global competitiveness of British businesses to concerns about immigration.”
- Dark Web (noun): The part of the World Wide Web that is only accessible by means of special software, allowing users and website operators to remain anonymous or untraceable. “Wow, I just went on the dark web, and in a few minutes, I was able to find heroin, meth, LSD, automatic weapons, and a stolen credit card!”
- On fleek (adjectival phrase): Extremely good, attractive, or stylish. “Kesha's eyebrows were on fleek.”
- Lumbersexual (noun): A young urban man who cultivates an appearance and style of dress (typified by a beard and check shirt) suggestive of a rugged outdoor lifestyle. “You can find all the hottest Lumbersexuals that live in NYC at Rochelle's on Chrystie Street.”
Проте, переможцем в номінації слово року вперше за всю історію стала піктографія, а саме – смайлик під назвою “обличчя зі сльозами щастя”, так як його у 2015-му використовували найбільше.
Невже це означає, що ми перестанемо використовувати слова і почнемо спілкуватися за допомогою смайлів? Саме так може виглядати наше спілкування через кілька років:
М. ПЛОЩА УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ГЕРОЇВ,
