There is / There are: як використовувати в англійській? Приклади для практики

Hello, guys! =)

Сьогодні починаю зі своїм першим рівнем тему "there is there are", і зрозуміла що я ще не писала про це в Grammar blog! Як же так! Це ж дуже важлива тема. Як інакше ви скажете "У моїй кімнаті є диван"?

А ось як це сказати:There is a sofa in my room.

Отже, сьогодні ми будемо з вами обговорювати конструкцію

There is/ there are

Цей зворот говорить про наявність чи відсутність якогось предмета в зазначеному місці.

There is a desk near the window. У зазначеному місці (біля вікна) є стіл.
There aren’t any flowers in this room. У зазначеному місці (в цій кімнаті) немає квітів.

Перекладаємо ці речення з кінця. Тобто якщо написано:
There is a sofa in my room, то починаємо ми не з дивана, а з кімнати: в моїй кімнаті є диван.

Насправді конструкція виглядає так: there + be, тобто is і are це просто to be в Present tense. Можна цю ж конструкцію використовувати for the Past and for the Future, але про це пізніше.

Present: there is/there are
Past: there was/ there were
Future: there will be

The Present

Отже, почнемо з теперішнього.

Конструкція така:

знаходиться (є) + що +   де
There is/are    + що + де
There is    a chair in my room.
There are                  people      in the street.

	Singular countable / Uncountable	Plural countable
Affirmative	There is a desk in my room. / There is some water in the cup.	There are three chairs in the hall.
Negative	There is not (=isn’t) a desk under the bed. / There isn't (any) water in the jug.	There are not (aren’t) (any) chairs in the garden.
Questions	Is there a desk in the classroom? / Is there (any) water in the bottle?	Are there (any) chairs in this store?
How much/how many	How much water is there?	How many chairs are there?
Short answers	Yes, there is No there isn’t	Yes, there are No there aren't

	THERE IS	THERE ARE
	singular	plural
+	There is (There’s)	There are (There’re)
-	There is (There isn’t)	There are not (There aren’t)
?	Is there?	Are there?

To sum up:

До речі, давайте поговоримо про "a lot of". Якщо "a lot of" стоїть перед plural, countable (a lot of dogs, a lot of apples), тоді ми використовуємо "there are".

Якщо ж у нас “a lot of milk”, “a lot of snow”, тобто a lot of + uncountable, ми використовуємо "there is".

plural (countable)
There are	a lot of lots of	dogs	in the street
singular (uncountable)
There is There's	a lot of lots of	snow	outside

І ще:

Are there any apples?
АЛЕ: How many apples are there?

Is there any milk?
АЛЕ: How much milk is there?

Тобто коли ми запитуємо How much або how many, ми ставимо apples або milk одразу після how much and how many, а не після is there, are there.

The Past

Let’s talk about the past form “there was/there were”.
По суті – те ж саме що there is, there are, тільки замість IS ми ставимо WAS, замість ARE ставимо WERE.

Приблизно ось так:

Present	Past
There is a cat on my bed.	There was a cat on my bed.
There isn't any milk.	There wasn't any milk.
Is there an orange in the fridge?	Was there an orange in the fridge?
No, there isn't.	No, there wasn't
There are several pens in my bag.	There were several pens in my bag.
There aren't any children in the room.	There weren't any children in the room.
How many people are there?	How many people were there?
Yes, there are.	Yes, there were.

The Future

А майбутнє – ще простіше.

Замість is, are і was / were ми ставимо will be. Для всього. Sounds easy, right?

There + will + be + (що) + (де)

There will be presents under the Christmas tree at Christmas.

	Form	Example
+	There will be + what + where	There will be many people at that party
-	There will not (=won't) be + what + where	There won't be any alcohol, though.
?	Will there be + what + where? How many/much + what + will there be + where?	Will there be cute girls? How much food will there be at the party?
Short answer	Yes, there will. No, there won't.

Fill in the gaps with there is/ there are/ is there/ are there:

................ a beach down here.
................ four girls and two boys in her family.
................ a train to Manchester?
................ a new disco near the college.
................ a good restaurant in this street?
................ two hospitals in town.
................ a lot of children in the pool?
................ three families in that house.
................ a television in the flat?
................ a big grey cloud over there.

You can practice some more over here:

GOOD LUCK! =)

Англійська граматика: There is / There are