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Emphatic Language |
Neutral language |
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· Not only has he decided to move house, but he is emigrating to America… · Never has he known anything like it. · Seldom have bagpipes caused such conflict. · Had they known that their neighbor was a piper, they wouldn’t have moved into the street. · No sooner had they moved in than the noise began to drive them mad. · Neither could they read a book at home without wearing earplugs. |
· He has decided to move house and he is emigrating to America. · He has never known anything like it. · Bagpipes have hardly ever caused such conflict. · If they had known that their neighbor was a piper, they wouldn’t have moved into the street. · They had moved in and the noise began to drive them mad. · They couldn’t read a book at home without wearing earplugs either. |
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This is the main point to consider while learning inversion. Now, please, watch the video below. The instructor will make it even clearer!
Let’s look closer at the most generally used types of inversion. I’ve decided to break them in the following groups:
1. WITHOUT AUXILIARY VERB:
The examples above all have auxiliary verb, but it’s not necessary.
1.1. Inversion after adverbs of place like 'here', 'there'. After here and there and after adverb particles such as back, down, off, up, etc. the noun subject comes after the verb. This is common with verbs of motion, such as come and go:
1.2. Inversion after adverbials of place:
Again, inversion does not occur if the subject is a pronoun:
At the top of the hill it stood out against the sky
2. WITH AUXILIARY VERB
2.1. Inversion after certain adverbs and adverb phrases, mostly with a negative or restrictive sense.
Such adverbs (adverb phrases) can be placed first in a sentence or clause for emphasis. They are then followed by auxiliary verbs (be, do, did, have, can, must, etc.) + subject + the rest of the sentence. The most important of these adverbs include:
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Little |
Little did I know that he would go any length. Little does she think what surprise we have in store for her. |
Я і не знала, що він ні перед чим не зупиниться. Вона і не думала,який сюрприз ми їй готуємо. |
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Rarely/Seldom/Never |
Seldom have I seen him looking so miserable. Rarely does a movie make you feel so warm and so uneasy at the same time. Never in her life had she experienced this exhilarating emotion. |
Вкрай рідко фільм змушує тебе почувати себе так тепло і тривожно водночас. |
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On no account/Under no circumstances |
Under no circumstances should you be absent from your seminars. On no account must you sleep at school. |
Ні за яких обставин вам не слід пропускати семінари. |
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Nowhere |
Nowhere had Susan seen a more beautifully decorated room. |
Ніде ще Сюзанна не бачила так чудово прикрашеної кімнати. |
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No sooner.....than |
No sooner did I reach the door than I realised it was locked. |
Щойно я підійшов до дверей,як зрозумів, що вони зачинені. |
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Hardly........when |
Hardly had I got into bed, when there was a knock at the door. |
Не встиг я дістатися ліжка, як пролунав стук у двері. |
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At no time |
At no time did I say I would accept late homework. |
Ніколи я не говорила, що прийматиму домашню роботу із запізненням. |
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If there’s no auxiliary verb in the neutral sentence, you should choose one accordingly to the tense being used:
She knew little about how much work was left. (Normal word order)
We use DID in the inverted sentence, because it’s the auxiliary verb we usually use in the Past Simple tense.
2.3. so + adjective (+ that) and such (+ that):
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2.4. Inversion in conditional sentences
We can use inversion in certain types of conditional sentences when the if-clause begins with had, were or should. Sentences with inversion sometimes sound more formal than those with the more conventional if-construction. Compare the following:
Third conditional:
• Had he not resigned, we would have been obliged to give him the sack.
If he had not resigned, we would have been forced to sack him.
Second conditional:
• Were she to find out that he was seeing some one else, she'd go berserk.
If she were to find out that he was cheating on her, she would go mad.
First conditional:
• Should you decide to cancel the contract, please let me know by Friday.
I hope this article was clear enough and now you’re an expert in inversion. Let's check?
EXERCISES FOR PRACTICE:
www.cityu.edu.hk/elc/quiz/inverse.htm
random-idea-english.blogspot.com/2011/05/negative-inversion-practice-exercises.html
М. ДВОРЕЦ СПОРТА,
М. ДВОРЕЦ СПОРТА,
М. ЛЕВОБЕРЕЖНАЯ,
М. ДВОРЕЦ СПОРТА,
М. ДВОРЕЦ СПОРТА,
М. КОНТРАКТОВАЯ ПЛОЩАДЬ,
М. УНИВЕРСИТЕТ,
М. ЛЕВОБЕРЕЖНАЯ,
М. ПОЗНЯКИ,
