Сучасне життя, завдяки його багатоманітності та шаленому темпу, дарує нам безліч одних можливостей , разом з тим позбавляючи інших. Тож спокій, якого так прагне змарніла душа, з часом стає дедалі більш примарним. Чоловіки б’ються за почесне місце у своєму окремому світі ,жінки б’ються за почесне місце у житті чоловіків, або, наївні, щосили намагаються потрапити в перший. Але куди б ми не прагнули, все одно кожного дня ми повертаємось додому, де на нас чекають речі, що потребують спільного вирішення. Everyday chorus that nobody likes doing (cooking, mending, cleaning, ironing etc), but nobody seems to ever get rid of… Unless you belong to that fairy upper class that never cares about such ridiculous things.
So still we watch the movies demonstrating bright and, at first sight, easy life of medieval, Georgian, Victorian societies and wish we lived in those times. The number of servants, which one lady could have, sometimes reached two or even three dozens. Their variety surprises: apart from traditional housekeepers, maids, governesses there were a lot of other odd domestic workers and each of them had their specific and unique duty. A butler oversaw the wine cellar, a groom cared for horses, a boots cleaned the guests' shoes ad so on…And here arises a question: what did a lady do then? She has to organize, delegate and instruct her servants. She was expected to organize parties and dinners to bring prestige to her husband and work towards improving her own abilities and cultural knowledge.
To keep fashionable and admirable a lady had a lady’s maid who helped her mistress with make-up, hairdressing, clothing, jewellery, shoes, wardrobe care, and all related shopping. The closest male equivalent to a lady’s maid was a valet. The valet performed personal services such as maintaining his employer's clothes, running his bath and perhaps shaving his employer. In a great house, the master of the house had his own valet, and in the very grandest great houses master's sons would also have their own valets.
Як ви бачите люди того часу були повністю залежні від послуг своїх підопічних та сприймали їх за належне. Друкувалися книжки, що допомагали слугам вдосконалювати свою майстерність. Одна з них Isabella Beeton’s Book of Household Management була видана 1861 року і користувалась неабиякою популярністю.
Весь цей ліричний відступ був не просто екскурсом в минуле, а лише тематичним вступом до граматичної конструкції, яку ми розберемо у цьому випуску, а саме - the construction HAVE/GET SOMETHING DONE. Адже саме з її допомогою ми можемо найкращим чином описати безтурботне життя аристократичних леді, які звикли отримувати все готове, не доклавши до цього жодних зусиль.
Mrs. Elizabeth is having her evening gown fixed
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So compare these sentences:
1) Lady Windermere swept her bed-room. - She took a broom and did it herself.
2) Lady Windermere had/got her bed-room swept. - This means Lady Windermere didn’t sweep the bed-room herself. She asked or ordered her maid to do it for her.
Now study anther examples:
• Does Lady Agatha make the bed herself or does she have it made?
• The Duchess of Berwick: “We have already had our furniture dusted and polished, windows cleaned and rooms aired today, so our servants are free now.”
So we use the structure HAVE + OBJECT+PAST PARTICIPLE to say that we are instructing someone to do something for us. In everyday life we constantly HAVE our:
- car serviced;
- house decorated;
- pizza delivered;
- lawn mowed etc…
This means we arrange for someone (and usually pay them) to do all this, because for some reasons we can’t or don’t wont to do it ourselves.
The construction HAVE + OBJECT+PAST PARTICIPLE is similar to the Passive. We focus on what is done to something or someone, not on what someone does:
- Mrs. Person is making her dress now. Active: We know the doer and want to put him first. - The dress hasn’t been made yet. Passive: The ‘doer’ is not important or not known. - Mrs. Person had her dress made yesterday. Have something done: We want to put the person affected by an action first, not the ‘doer’. |
When we use the Passive or Have something done, we may not know or may not need to name who performs a service for us. That’s why the construction Have something done is also called the Causative passive. However, in contrast to the Passive, we use the Causative to stress the fact that we are 'causing' someone else to perform a service for us.
Ви могли помітити, що зі зміною часів, ми змінюємо лише часову форму дієслова “to have”. That’s right! OBJECT+PAST PARTICIPLE are always still the same, no matter how we play with the tenses.
TENSE | HAVE/GET | OBJECT | PAST PARTICIPLE |
Present Simple | He has/gets | everything | delivered |
Past Simple | She had/got | her hair | done |
Present Continuous | They are having/getting | their roof | repaired |
Past Continuous | We were having/getting | our windows | replaced yesterday at 11 a.m. |
Present Perfect | We have had | the house | painted |
Past Perfect | I had had/ got | my nails | done before we went to the party |
will | The Windermeres will have/get | new carpets | laid tomorrow |
To be going to | Mr. Graham is going to have/get | his hair | cut soon. |
Modals | We must have /get | the fireplace | cleaned. |
Note that get should not be used in the Present Perfect, because it can be confused with have got.
Though have and get are often used interchangeably, get is slightly informal and more likely to be used than have when:
1) there is a feeling that something must be done - I really must get (have) my hair cut.
2) there is a feeling of eventually managing to do something - I eventually got (had) the car fixed at the Fast Service garage.
3) in orders and imperatives - Get your hair cut!
There’s another usage of HAVE/GET SOMETHING DONE. Sometimes it is used to show that something (usually unpleasant) happens to us. For example:
She got her hat blown off.
I had my flat robbed. (Of course I didn't arrange for somebody to rob my flat!)
Тепер, дорогі мої, коли ви ознайомлені з основними позиціями щодо даної граматичної структури, я хочу запропонувати вам виконати наступне завдання. На відео трохи нижче you will see people having different things done. Make sentences using the structure HAVE/GET SOMETHING DONE in the Present Continuous tense. E.g. Mrs. Smith is having her hair brushed.
Чим більше граматично правильних речень ви складете, тим більшим буде ваш шанс перемогти. Переможець матиме можливість «замовити» тему нашого наступного випуску. Good luck and Happy English). Речення, а також ваші питання стосовно даної теми пишіть у коментарях до цього посту.