Anonymous
Hi, guys =)
Today I would like to tell you about prepositions of place.
Итак, что же такое эти prepositions of place? Prepositions of place are the words we use when мы хотим показать где что. Например, чашка на столе. НА – it’s a preposition of place.
Так какие prepositions of place do you already know?
Here’s a list I have:
- At
- In
- On
- On top of
- Behind
- Between
- Next to
- Under
- Above
- Over
- By
- Through
- Inside
- In front of
- Beside
- Opposite
And so on =)
Сколько этих words do you already know?
А теперь let’s look at each of them по очереди.
Prepositions of place делятся на two categories: prepositions of movement и prepositions of exact place.
Prepositions of movement tell us the direction (направление). Prepositions of exact place tell us где exactly находится наш object.
Let’s look at prepositions of NO movement:
This is a cupcake:
This is a box:
We have a cupcake and a box.
In the first picture, the cupcake is IN the box. (внутри)
In the second picture, the cupcake is ON the box. What is ON? It’s на коробке.
What is below? Look at the third picture. You’re right! Below = под. We can also say that the cupcake is under the box.
What is above? Guess from the fourth picture. The cupcake is above the box, and the box is below the cupcake.
Above and below are opposites (противоположны) по значению.
Next we have “near”. What is near? It’s a synonym of “by” and “next to”. Look at the picture. How can we translate “near”? Правильно, рядом!
So the cupcake is next to the box. The box is near the cupcake.
Next we have “far”. The cupcake is far from the box. It is not near the box, it’s far from it.
Near and far are opposites. Far – далеко.
The next two are “behind” and “in front of”. Do you think they have the same meaning or different meanings?
They have opposite meanings. The cupcake is in front of the box, and the box is behind the cupcake. In front of = перед, behind = за.
In the last line of pictures we have “among”, “around”, “between” and “opposite”.
What is around? We have a pink cupcake, and many yellow cupcakes AROUND the pink cupcake. Around = вокруг.
In the next picture, we have a lot of yellow cupcakes and one pink cupcake among the yellow ones. You’re right! Among= среди.
In the next picture with the three cupcakes we have two yellow cupcakes and one pink cupcake BETWEEN the yellow cupcakes.
So, between = между
And in the last picture, we have two cupcakes. They are opposite each other, they are напротив друг друга.
Why did I skip the third line of pictures? Yes, because they are prepositions of movement, they show the direction.
Here are some prepositions of movement and their meanings:
|
Onto На что-то |
Shows the direction that something that was not ON this object becomes ON this object E.g. the cat jumped onto the TV set. |
|
Off of С чего-то |
Something that was ON this objects becomes NOT on this obiect The cat jumped off the fridge onto the floor. |
|
Into Внутрь |
Something that was not IN becomes IN this object The cat climbed into the box. |
|
Out of Из |
Something that was in becomes NOT in The cat got tired of sleeping and climbed out of its box. |
|
Through Через |
Something goes into this object from one side and gets out of it on the other side, it doesn't stay inside The lion jumped through the hoop. |
|
Up Вверх |
Shows an object that gets higher I climbed up the staircase. |
|
Down Вниз |
Shows an object that gets lower A little child fell down. |
|
From От (чего-то) |
Shows the direction of increasing distance between the objects I moved away from him. |
|
To, towards К чему-то |
Shows the direction of the distance between the objects becoming smaller He walked towards her. |
|
Over Над |
Shows the direction of something moving above something else The bird flew over my head. |
|
Under Под |
Shows the direction of something moving below something else The little boy walked under the table. |
|
Past Мимо |
Shows that the object moved next to this thing and then away from it She walked past him without looking. |
|
Along Вдоль |
Shows that the object moved for some time in a line next to some other object or in a line on this long object (road) I saw a girl who was walking along Broadway. |
|
Across Через |
Show that the object crossed a line that was parallel to another object I walked across the street. |
And now, here are the three general prepositions of place которые нужно знать каждому уважающему себя Englishman.
Итак, we use:
- at for a POINT (конкретное место – мы точно знаем где)
- in for an ENCLOSED SPACE (замкнутоепространство)
- on for a SURFACE (поверхность)
Here are some examples:
|
at |
in |
on |
|
POINT |
ENCLOSED SPACE |
SURFACE |
|
at the corner |
in the garden |
on the wall |
|
at the bus stop |
in London |
on the ceiling |
|
at the door |
in France |
on the door |
|
at the top of the page |
in a box |
on the cover |
|
at the end of the road |
in my pocket |
on the floor |
|
at the entrance |
in my wallet |
on the carpet |
|
at the crossroads |
in a building |
on the menu |
|
at the front desk |
in a car |
on a page |
- Jane is in France right now. (France – замкнутое пространство)
- I’m waiting for you at the bus stop. (остановка – конкретное место в пространстве)
- Where is the clock? It is on the wall. (стена – поверхность)
And here are some standard expressions with AT, IN and ON:
|
at |
in |
on |
|
at home |
in a car |
on a bus |
|
at work |
in a taxi |
on a train |
|
at school |
in a helicopter |
on a plane |
|
at university |
in a boat |
on a ship |
|
at college |
in a lift (elevator) |
on a bicycle, on a motorbike |
|
at the top |
in the newspaper |
on a horse, on an elephant |
|
at the bottom |
in the sky |
on the radio, on television |
|
at the side |
in a row |
on the left, on the right |
|
at reception |
in Oxford Street |
on the way |
Examples:
- I saw a bird in the sky.
- Is there any water at the bottom of the bottle?
- Don’t worry, I’m on the way!
И, взаключение, sing this song together with me:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=idJYhjGyWTU
Wanna practice?
Here are some exercises:
- Онлайн-курс из 13 уроков о всех самых распространенных английских предлогах для средних уровней с интерактивными упражнениями на отработку темы с самопроверкой от booyya.com - http://bit.ly/3lx8n9H
- Fill in the gaps: http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/prepositions-of-place-exercise-1.html
- Watch the video and do the exercise: http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=597
- Choose the correct answer: http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/prepositions/exercises?07
- At, in or on? Fill in the gaps http://www.really-learn-english.com/at-in-on-prepositions-of-place-exercise-01.html
GOOD LUCK! =)
М. ПЛОЩАДЬ УКРАИНСКИХ ГЕРОЕВ,
