Поскольку английская графика полностью совпадает с латинской, распознавание латинизмов в английском тексте весьма затруднительно, особенно это касается сокращений. Сокращения являются неотъемлемой частью письменной речи: они помогают сделать письменную речь легче, упрощая написание определенных выражений и словосочетаний, однако при чтении часто возникает проблема с произношением таких аббревиатур. Поэтому предлагаем Вам 10 часто употребляемых в английском языке латинских сокращений с транскрипцией и примерами.
etc. et cetera [et'setrə]
Meaning: and so on, and other things/ и так далее; и другие
Usage: "This is a shop which sells cards, calendars, wrapping paper etc."
e.g. exempli gratia [ɪg,zempɪ‘greɪʃə]
Meaning: for example / например
Usage: "We have numerous problems to deal with before reforming welfare policies, e.g., the trade deficit, Medicare, and social security."
i.e. id est [,ɪd‘est]
Meaning: literally, precisely, it is / буквально, в точности, то есть
Usage: "The film is only open to adults, i.e. people over 18."
vs. versus [‘vəːsəs]
Meaning: against, compared to, as opposued to / против, в сравнении с, в сопоставлении с
Usage: "You know, people always point the presidents to sort of look at how they've changed, at the beginning of their term vs. end of their term. "
c., ca., ca.,cca. circa [‘səːkə]
Meaning: around, approximately / около, приблизительно
Usage: "Shortly after Henry IV seized the throne from Richard II, Geoffrey Chaucer died (c.1400 A.D.), perhaps due to old age. "
p.a. per annum [pər’ænəm]
Meaning: through a year, yearly / за год, ежегодно
Usage: "The prevailing interest rate of the country - also to be used for discounting - is 14 % p.a., for investments through a bank or other financial institutions. "
i.a. inter alia [,ɪntər‘eɪlɪə]
Meaning: among other things / между прочим
Usage: "The paper discussed, i.a, political, economic, and social issues."
cf. confer [kən‘fəː]
Meaning: compare / сравните
Usage: "These results were similar to those obtained using different techniques (cf. Wilson, 1999 and Ansmann, 1992)."
C.V. curriculum vitae [kərɪkjuləmvɪ:taɪ]
Meaning: course of life / краткое описание жизни и профессиональных навыков (резюме)
Usage: "Some employers require that your C.V. was no longer than one page. "
A.D. Anno Domini [,ænəu‘dɔmɪnɪ]
Meaning: In the year of the Lord / в год Господа (нашей эры)
Usage: "The building of the Roman Colosseum began between 73-75 A.D. and was almost completed in 79AD when Vespasian died. "
Полный список
М. ПЛОЩАДЬ УКРАИНСКИХ ГЕРОЕВ,
