Англійська граматика: Mixed Conditionals

Hi, guys!
I’d like to start with something to lighten up your mood:
Let’s watch this video:
 

So, if this guy had a nice voice, he would have had success.

What kind of sentence is that? Yay, it’s a conditional sentence. But it’s not a usual conditional. It’s special.

Does he have a nice voice now? Nope, he doesn’t. So the condition is still true. The condition is in the present, because it’s still true. That’s why we need to use if + past tense (past simple or past continuous) to talk about the condition of this mixed conditional.

When did he sing? In the past or in the present? In the past, that’s right. So if he had a good voice (which he still doesn’t have) he WOULD HAVE SUNG better, and he WOULD HAVE HAD success. So the result is in the past, that’s why we use WOULD + perfect infinitive (have + V3).

To sum it up, we use this type of mixed conditional to talk about the result in the past of a condition that is still true.

If I could fly (I still can’t) I would have flown to England last year.
If Jane had more money (she still doesn’t), she would have bought a house earlier.
Usually, mixed conditionals are a mixture of the second and third conditionals.

Let’s look at this guy. What is he doing? He’s cheating, isn’t he? Pretty smart way of cheating, too. Wish I’d thought of that when I was studying at the Uni.

If he’d studied harder, he wouldn’t need to cheat now.

This is also a mixed conditional. Let’s see why it’s mixed.
Had he studied? Nope, he hadn’t. So the condition (the studying) is in the past, right?
Well, if he’d studied, he wouldn’t need to cheat. Does he need to cheat? Yes he does. And he needs to cheat NOW, not in the past.

So we have a condition in the past (which already didn’t happen) and its possible result in the present.

That’s why this conditional is also mixed. We have the condition part taken from the third (past) conditional, and the result part taken from the 2nd (unreal present and future) conditional.
 

Check your understanding with this exercise:

Fill in the gaps

Ми розглянули правила та приклади використання Mixed Conditionals в англійській мові. Щоб дізнатися більше про англійську граматику, читайте інші публікації в розділі Grammar!